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 Fort Laramie-    This military post was a welcome site for the pioneers--the first sign of civilization in six weeks. It was a unique respite from the endless wilderness.  Fort Laramie marked that the emigrants were 1/3 of the way to Williamette. Here they regrouped and rested. Some gave up and went home, but most decided to keep moving.There was only one building in Fort Laramie that was considered of importance to the emigrants--the Post-Traders Store. It was the only reliable post office, and items could also be purchased here,however it was very costly. As an example tobacco back in St. Louis, where most people on the journey lived, costed a nickel. There, it costed one dollar.

Scourge of Cholera - There was no cure for this terrible disease. The people would be alive as ever, and the next moment this epidemic would have taken over and spared their lives. Starts with stomach pain, intense pain within minutes, followed by vomiting & diarrhea causing dehydration, then the skin wrinkled, turned blue. If you didn’t die within 12 hours to a day then you were on your way to recovery.

Overcrowding- Many of the diseases were caused by the overcrowded trail. There was no where obviously to go to the bathroom, therefore people did what they must right on the trail. Epidemics, pandemics, and manyviruses started this way. There was no way of escaping the bacteria from the human waste.

Cutoffs and Alternate Routes- Barlow Cutoff- Was made to save effort and time. Was the most practical route but became less popular. Provided an alternate route to having to go over the raipds on the Columbia River. Later, aferry was built across the rapids and then a bridge.

Great Trek of Mormon Pioneers- The beginning of the great trek west really commenced 1 March 1846 on the frozen banks of Sugar Creek in Lee County, Iowa, seven miles west of the Mississippi River. On that dayapproximately three thousand men, women, and children in about five hundred wagons formally abandoned Nauvoo, Illinois, the City of Joseph, as a result of misunderstandings and mob activities. These were the vanguard,but thousands more were to follow that year, across the Mormon Mesopotamia between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. As far as to Bloomfield, at least, the pioneers used established territorial roads. Thereafter they followedwhat primitive roads and Indian paths there were. Travelers today should watch for the more than one hundred road signs marking the trail across Iowa, erected in 1972 by the Iowa Highway Commission in cooperation with theMormon Pioneer Trail Foundation. Terrible weather and lack of preparation caused people and animals much suffering. The first known example of blessing a sick animal took place at Indian Creek in Van Buren County,an act occasionally done in pioneer days. The death of an animal was a serious loss.

Difficulties in the Mountains - Blue Mountains, Cascades, and the Rocky Mountains...

Final Presentation Slideshow

Ryan-Heading West- The reason why so many people headed west was because of the land. The land in Oregon country was good for farming and also had thick forests, for building houses and other necessities that they would need. The pioneers also headed to the West to start new lives. While they were in Missouri they stocked up for supplies that they would need during the way, try to locate friends, and wait for the grass to grow along the Oregon Trail. If they left to early then there would not be enough grass for their animals to eat for food and the animals might die from starvation. http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/pioneer/oregon.html http://www.frontiertrails.com/oldwest/oregontrail.htm Ryan- 1.) Doctors and Disease- There were many diseases on the oregon trail but the type they most over looked was viruses. Some viruses are malaria, measels, scarlett fever, andsmall pox. All are very contagious and are pottentialy lethel if not treated properly or if elderly people caught it. The disease that killed the most poeple on the trail was cholera.When someone on the trail had cholera they would eventualy die since there is no cure. Few doctors contributed to many deaths along the trail. http://www.cob.montevallo.edu/O'TooleTK/content5.htm 2.) Everday life- The every day life on the trail would be a daily routine. That routine is wake up at sunup; yoke the oxen, and cook the breakfast, which consists of bread and bacon. Then we would start back up on the trail. We would have an hour break for lunch at about six p.m. and then they would set up camp. http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Camping.html 3.)Medicines- A cure for a disease on the trial named Alkali would be a dose of vinegar, flour, water, or lard. Another type of medicine to cure diphtheria, which was caused fromcold weather, was to rest and drink lots of fluids. Also a cure that they used for malaria would be to give them quinine and also sleep would help them. http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~pjp/LessonPlans/OregonTrailScience.pdf

Megan- After travelling the first two thirds of the journey, the travelers were exhausted. They now had to face the most difficult part of the trail. Some lost there lives because of thirst and dangerous currents. When they finally reached the West they spread out to build small towns and farms. Although they had come for gold, very few made their fortune.Even though they didn't get what they had come for, the Oregon Trail was still important to the U.S. It spread our U.S. border all the way to California. It created a route to the West and created opportunities for others to enjoy a new life on the west coast. http://www.americanwest.com/trails/pages/oretrail.htm http://pbskids.org/wayback/goldrush/journey_oregon.html Megan-Transportation/Covered Wagons-Covered Wagons were used as transportation on the Oregon Trail. They were carried by 4-6 oxen or 6-10 mules. A canvas was placeed over the wagon to protect the contents. The wagons carried supplies and belongingssuch as tools, water, and other food supplies. The route- The trail began in Independence, Missouri. Many people packed up and headed out. They were careful to go in parties because theywere afraid of Indianattacks. After putting their belongings in the covered wagon, they headed to Oregon. It took a long time because they had to go through several states such as Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Idaho. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uoregon.edu/~ncampbe2/oregon/oregontrail_files/image001.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uoregon.edu/~ncampbe2/oregon/oregontrail.htm&usg=__2u8iHa7RsNpjrRalfiHTFeZxoXs=&h=338&w=479&sz=68&hl=en&start=2&sig2=ye9XA1ppKabEMDZatmnb6Q&tbnid=wwp56oyJ6lPdOM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=129&ei=3SmLSbfcDJngsAOh6uyJCQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Doregon%2Btrail%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

Jon-3. The Oregon Trail started in Kansas City, Missouri. Some landmarks that we saw along the trail were Couthouse Rock, Chimney Rock, and Fourt Laramie. Problems with wilderness camping icluded that the trail got very crowded sometimes. Because it was crowded, there wasn't enough fuel for everybodies campfires. So we sometimes had to use buffalo dung instead. When we cooked over the fire it would often burn. Bugs and dirt got into it a lot. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/In_what_states_did_the_Oregon_Trail_start http://www.historyglobe.com/ot/otmap1.htm http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Camping.html

Slide 4: We sometimes had to wait hours for a herd a buffalo to pass by. The only thing we could do then was to chase the buffalo, but not for food, for fun. On the trail, there were two major Native American Tribes. The Cheyenne and the Pawnee. We were afraid that they would attack us, but they never did. They would often help us out though. They would do things like move stuck wagons, rescue drowning emigrants, and find our lost cattle. http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Buffallo.html http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Native.html http://www.nps.gov/archive/whmi/educate/ortrtg/ortrtg1.htm

Slide 9 Provisions: We had to pack the right amount of provisions for the trip. If we brought too much, our wagon would get weighed down. If we brought too little, we would run out and die. Some that we packed were flour, dried fruit, coffee, bacon, sugar, tea, rice, and beans, because they were light to carry.

Slide 10 Buffalo: Finding buffalo meat was very important for us on the trail. But the farther west we went, buffalo got harder to find. But buffalo were sometimes a problem, because they would block our wagons a lot, so we couldn't get by for a while. And buffalo were one of the only sources of meat we could find, so we needed a lot of buffalo.

Slide 11 Camping: Every night at 6:00 P.M., we would start our camping. All of the emigrants would circle up there wagons, because it provided a convienent corrall for loose live stock. Campfires immediately started burnng and diner was served. But a lot of it got burnt over the campfire. And by 9:00 P.M., we were in bed, sleeping on the ground. Then we got up at 5:00 A.M. the next day and started all over again. http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Camping.html