Native+American+Notes+for+S.S.

History of Tribe- "Algonquin" was the French name for the tribe. French probably trying to pronounce //elehgumoqik//,allies, Algonquins call themselves //Anishnabe//, which means "original person." Algonquins use //Anishnabek// to refer to other Indians also specifically referring to their tribe, they usually use "Algonquins" or "Algonkins" to distinguish themselves.

Live- Algonquins are original natives of southern Quebec and eastern Ontario, in Canada Today live nine communities in Quebec and one in Ontario Each Algonquin community lives on its own **//reserve//**, or reservation Reserves are land that belongs to the tribe and is legally under their control. Algonquin tribe--known as a //**band**// or **//First Nation//** in Canada politically independent and has its own leadership First Nations have their own government, laws, police, and services, just like small countries Algonquins are also Canadian citizens and must obey Canadian law. Leader of each band called"ogima" or "ogema" translated as chief in English ogima used to be chosen by tribal councilmembers often from the last chief's sons, nephews, or sons-in-law Today ogimas are elected by the Algonquins, just like governors or mayors

Language- Some bands are English-speaking, and others are French-speaking half the Algonquin population also speak their native **//Algonquin language//**. Algonquin is a musical language that has complicated verbs with many parts. "kwey"- hi "meegwetch"- tank you
 * Hockey star Gino Odjick is Algonquin from Kitigan Zibi**

Art Algonquin artists known for beadwork& baskerty also crafted wampum out of white& purple shell beads wampum beads traded as currencymore culturally important as art material designs of wampum belts often told a story or represented a person's family TODAY also create conemporary art like oil paintings Algonquin basket

food

some farming, but were mainly hunters used fish to fertilize their corn fields tapped maple trees for sap to make sugar Algonquin tribes that lived on coast had clambakes, which they ate clams, oysters, lobsters, mussels, & other shellfish during these clambakes Indians wrapped fish seaweed cooked in pit dug in Earth Great Lakes Tribes were excellent hunters, farmers, and food gatherers ate wild birds & game men hunted moose, caribou, beaver, otter, and other small animals women gathered nuts, greens, and berries. The women grew corn, beans, and squash. main food wild rice Indians gathered that grew marshlands around the Great Lakes

Religion/ Cultral background Every 6 months came together for powwow/ meeting each tribe brought its cheif to powwow council powwow was an occasion for feasting and dancing Arguments between groups were settled, alliances formed, and trading was completed during the powwow men made canoes, traps, utensils, & weapons, used spears help them catch fish & eels from bow of canoe

Art used natural objects as models for artwork flowers, leaves, & stems stitched onto bags& clothing birchbark outer bark of white paper- like used for building canoes & for outer covering of wigwams/homes hunting& fishing gear, arm guards& quivers made from brichbark another use bark containers containers collect, store, cook, & even serve food or other products Native Americans gathered bark fallen trees all year long gathered in spring bark thickest at this time of year in spring bark easy to peelitself from trees pieces bark laced together using basswood or dogbane cord of thin strips inner cedar bark or of black spruce roots handles of containers constructed w/ willow or other branches hung dreamcatchers from cradleboards protect babies believed dreamcatchers catch bad dreams & allow good dreams pass thought web Algonquin artists are known for their [|beadwork] and [|basketry] Algonquins also crafted **//wampum//** out of white and purple shell beads. Wampum beads were traded as a kind of currency, but they were more culturally important as an art material [|designs and pictures] on wampum belts often told a story or represented a person's family Today, Algonquin people also create contemporary art like oil paintings

Shelter didn't live in tepees most of year lived in settled vilages or birchbark houses, called wiginograns or wigwams winter village spilt up to go to hunting camps each family built smaller coned shape wigwam also made of birchbark TODAY only build birchbark homes for fun or to connect w/ heritage moat Algonquin people live in modern homes, just like you & me.

CLothing WOMEN wore long dresses w/ removable sleeves MEN wore breechcloths & leggings both genders wore moccasins on feet & cloaks in bad weather later adapted European costume such as cloth blouses & jackets, decorating them w/ fancy beadwork Ojibway chief wore same style clothing as Algonquin men did Some Algonquin warriors shaved their heads in the [|Mohawk] style, using grease to stiffen their hair so that it spiked up Otherwise, Algonquin men and women both wore their hair in long braids. some men wore head piece, roach made w/ porcupine hair not sharp quills, w/ feathers in it 1800, chiefs began to wear feathered headdress painted faces &arms w/ bright colors used diff. patterns war paint & festive decoration Some men wore elaborate tribal tattoos

Music They beat drums, made of birchbark at the bottom & a canvas at the top they beast on, at meetings also played tamborines made of a circle of wood & canvas going across one side that they hit w/ their hands to made music

How have certain groups (Europeans) effected Native Americans on a physical, social, & mental way? - The Europeans have effected them socialy by tradif w/ the Native Americans. Also by going to powwows/ meetings with eachother, celebrating holidays w/ eachother, having outings w/ eachother. Socialy they have showed the Natives how to interact w/ other people they come across. Mentaly they have helped the Natives how to talk to people when they moved to diff. areas of Canada, How to grow things that they didn't know how to before. Mentally they couold trust eachother with things because they would trade eachother w/ things that each of them needed. They would share food, clothing, & shelter with eachother.

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